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VOIP is an acronym for the voice over Internet protocol. It is a transmission system that converts voice into the digital format. This can be done using ATA (analog telephone adaptor) or through computers by using some software. VOIP phone functions in the way as normal phone does. In PSTN, public switch transmission network, the dialing of a number begins the call and connects the call to Public switch that routes the call to the telephone number of the correct party via telephonic network.

The network of the voice over Internet protocol performs the functions similar to PSTN, in addition to Internet service provider and Internet protocol. The major modules of the VOIP network are VOIP gateways, user devices, Call processing server, IP network and gatekeepers. The components of the user device include computer-based devices, traditional phones with different accessories and VOIP phones.

A VOIP phone may be soft or hard phones. They do not require a personal computer and only need an Internet connection. The VOIP hard phones can be cordless and are similar to traditional phones. But they consist of earthen port rather than a Phone jack. With the help of the earthen port, the VOIP phones communicate directly with other VOIP phones or VOIP servers.

There also comes a dialup VOIP hard phone. It uses a built-in modem rather than using an earthen port. A Wi-fi Transceiver is used to design a Wi-fi hard phone. This helps in connecting with the Wi-fi base station to another remote VOIP server. A Wi-fi hard phone can be used to transmit telephonic calls to the GSM network.

A VOIP soft phone is run by using software on a computer and needs suitable hardware such as USB port, a speaker or a microphone. On dialing the number on a VOIP soft phone, the number is processed by call processor. It is actually the hardware that runs the soft switch, which is a Database Mapping Program. All the connections are managed by this software. This process is similar to PBX of PSTN lines and is called IP Private branch exchange.

Other modules of a VOIP phone are gatekeepers and gateways that control the call admission and bandwidth management. These components also manage the creation of the Internet protocol packets, which consist of the data voice and the information related with the call. At the end, there is an Internet Protocol network that includes distributed routers for ensuring connectivity. The IP Logical switch is termed as Soft-switch architecture. All these modules of the VOIP phone help in making the communication process smoother and cheaper.

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